Optimizing Load Frequency Control in Standalone Marine Microgrids Using Meta-Heuristic Techniques

Integrating renewable resources into the electrical systems of marine vessels achieves dual goal diversifying energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The presence intermittent sources sudden nonlinear load changes can cause frequency deviations in isolated hybrid microgrids. To address this issue, paper proposes a conventional PID (proportional–integral–derivative)-controller-based LFC (load controller) which is optimized by meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, PSO (particle swarm optimization), GWO (grey wolf optimization) PSO-GWO. proposed was designed using transfer functions various microgrid components, with ITAE (integral time absolute error) ITSE square serving as performance indices. LFC’s validation performed through HIL (hardware-in-loop) real-time simulation DS 1104 R&D controller board, results showing better response compared to nonoptimized terms rise time, fall slew rate overshoot. PSO-GWO algorithm performs than other algorithms. demonstrate stability robustness controller. In summary, PID-controller-based regulate deviation standalone microgrids effectively.